ROMANIA

Travel advice for this country

• Travel Summary
• Safety and security
• Local laws and customs
• Entry requirements
• Health
• Natural disasters
• General

TRAVEL SUMMARY
There is an underlying threat from terrorism. Attacks, although unlikely, could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.

Most visits to Romania are trouble-free. If you need to contact the emergency services in Romania call 112. See General - Consular Assistance Statistics.
You should take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See General - Insurance. 

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Safety and Security - Terrorism
There is an underlying threat from terrorism. Attacks, although unlikely, could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. See our Terrorism Abroad page.
Safety and Security - Crime
Maintain at least the same level of personal security awareness as in the UK. There is the risk of petty theft in large towns, especially in Bucharest, and of pickpockets and bag snatchers in crowded areas, particularly near exchange shops, hotels, on public transport (especially to the airport), main railway stations and inside airport terminals.
Organised attacks by groups, often including children, occur. The most common method is of distraction whilst several people, often the children, attempt to snatch watches and jewellery from pockets or from around the neck and wrist.
We have also heard reports of a scam involving thieves who present themselves as plain-clothes policemen. They flash a badge and often ask to see passports and wallets. They count the money and give the documents back, but when they return the wallet, some of the money is missing.
We are aware of thefts of valuables including passports from hotel rooms. Items of value, including passports and credit cards should be deposited in hotel safes. However, you should carry a photocopy of the information pages of your passport as ID.
There are reports of credit or charge cards being 'copied' when used in some bars and restaurants, resulting in illegal charges being raised against the user account.
See our Victims of Crime Abroad page.
Safety and Security - Local Travel Bucharest has cheap and plentiful public transport provided by underground, bus, and tram. Yellow taxis are also abundant but make sure prices are listed on the side of the vehicle and that the taxi bears a company name. There are frequent reports of foreign visitors being overcharged by taxi drivers. Other cities have fairly good bus services. Cities and towns are linked by extensive but generally slow rail services.
Safety and Security - Local Travel - Road Travel
If you are driving to Romania, you are required to pay a road toll “Ro vignette" to allow you to use the national roads. The “Ro vignette” can be purchased at border points on entering the country and at most petrol stations throughout Romania. Failure to pay the road toll or to display the sticker may lead to a heavy fine. The cost for cars is three Euros for a one-week vignette, seven Euros for one month and 28 Euros for an annual permit, but prices may change. Costs are higher for freight vehicles and coaches for eight or more passengers.
If driving, be alert for horse-drawn carts and livestock especially at night.
The police carry out frequent checks, and it is essential that you observe the speed limit, ensure that your vehicle is roadworthy and have with you all your car documents including evidence of insurance valid in Romania.
It is illegal to drive under the influence of alcohol (alcohol level over 0.1%). Given the very low limit, do not drink any alcohol if you are driving.
In winter, equip your car for extreme conditions. Road conditions are variable and secondary roads can be in a bad state of repair. Driving standards can be poor. Look out for double parked cars, people suddenly braking to avoid a pothole, and stray dogs, particularly in rural areas, running in front of the vehicle.
The standard speed limit, which may be varied by signs, is 50kph in built-up areas, 90kph on open roads, 100kph on dual carriageways and 130kph on motorways. (10kph less if towing and 20kph less if you have held your licence for less than a year).
You should have the following equipment with you: first aid kit, fire extinguisher, red warning triangles and a fluorescent jacket.
If your vehicle is damaged before you arrive in Romania, you should ask a Romanian Customs or Police Officer to write a report on the damage so that you have no problems when leaving. If any damage occurs inside the country, a report must be obtained at the scene of the accident.
In 2011 there were 2,018 road deaths in Romania (source: DfT). This equates to 9.4 road deaths per 100,000 of population and compares to the UK average of 3.0 road deaths per 100,000 of population in 2011.
Safety and Security - Air Travel
If travelling on a domestic air flight, have your passport ready for inspection at all times.
Safety and Security - Local Travel - Rail Travel
If travelling by train, check with operators on the availability of sleeping compartments and whether bicycles can be taken on board. This may vary between regions, and there may be additional charges. Thieves operate on trains, so take particular care that documents and other valuables are safe.

LOCAL LAWS AND CUSTOMS

It is illegal to change money on the streets. Money should be changed in recognised exchange shops, banks and hotels.
The Romanian authorities treat all drug-related or sex offences very seriously (the age of consent is 18). Custodial sentences can be expected for any foreigners convicted of such offences.
Homosexuality is no longer illegal, but attitudes to the subject tend not to be broadminded and the gay community keeps a low profile. Most airports and military bases will have signs prohibiting photography. Ask permission before photographing anything potentially sensitive (e.g. official buildings, police cars).

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Entry Requirements - Passport ValidityYou must hold a valid passport to enter Romania. For stays of up to three months your passport must be valid for the proposed duration of your stay; you do not need any additional period of validity on your passport beyond this. However, it is always sensible to have a short period of extra validity on your passport in case of any unforeseen delays to your departure. You do not have to wait until your old passport expires to apply to renew it. Any time left on your old passport when you apply will be added to your new passport, up to a maximum of nine months. For passport applications in the UK, you should apply to the Identity and Passport Service. For stays of longer than three months, contact the Embassy of the country to which you are travelling.
Entry Requirements - VisasYou do not need a visa to enter Romania. British citizens who enter Romania have the right to stay for a period of three months from the date of entry. If you intend to stay for a longer period than three months, you can apply for a registration certificate issued by theRomanian Office for Immigration as either self-employed, an employee, self-supported, or as a student. Non-EU family members, both partners and dependants, can also apply.
Entry Requirements - Working in Romania
British Citizens intending to work in Romania should register with the Romanian Office for Immigrants and will need to provide an employment contract or a certificate issued by their employer. No separate work permit is required. You can also register as self-employed in which case you would need to provide an appropriate licence. Further information on working in Romania can be found athttp://www.mai.gov.ro or by cont acting the Romanian Office for Immigrants (Oficiul Roman pentru Imigrari) at Str. Eforie nr 3-5, corp A, et 6, sector 5, Bucharest; email: ori@mira.gov.ro. There are also new work access regulations for British nationals who are family members of Romanian citizens and for family members of EU and EEA nationals. Information is also available from the Romanian Office for Immigration.
Entry Requirements - Right of residence certificate
If a British citizen has been a legal resident in Romania for a continuous period of at least five years then they can apply for a permanent right of residence certificate from the Romanian Office for Immigration.
Entry Requirements - Travelling with children
Children entering Romania should have their own passport. Children included in parents’ passports will only be allowed entry if the passport also contains their photograph. You should check with the Romanian Embassy in London to ensure that you are travelling with correct documentation.

HEALTH

Contact your GP around eight weeks before your trip to check whether you need any vaccinations or other preventive measures. Country specific information and advice is published by the National Travel Health Network and Centre, and useful information about healthcare abroad, including a country-by-country guide, is available from NHS Choices.
If you are visiting Romania you should obtain a free European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) before leaving the UK. The EHIC is not a substitute for medical and travel insurance, but it entitles you to state provided medical treatment that may become necessary during your trip. Any treatment provided is on the same terms as Romanian nationals, so if a Romanian national is required to pay a fee towards their treatment, you would also have to pay the same fee. The EHIC will not cover medical repatriation, ongoing medical treatment or non-urgent treatment, so you should make sure you have adequate travel insurance and accessible funds to cover the cost of any medical treatment and repatriation. See our EHIC page and theNHS - About the EHIC page.
In the 2010 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 15,000 adults aged 15 or over in Romania were living with HIV; the prevalence percentage was estimated at around 0.1% of the adult population compared to the prevalence percentage in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. Exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information see our HIV and AIDS page.
If you need emergency medical assistance during your trip, dial 112 and ask for an ambulance. If you are referred to a medical facility for treatment you should contact your insurance/medical assistance company immediately.
Our Travel Health pages offer further advice on how to stay healthy when overseas.

Health - Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) There have been confirmed outbreaks of Avian Influenza in the Danube Delta in 2010, and in previous years in Transylvania and Bucharest. The Romanian authorities have taken measures to contain the outbreaks including restricting access to affected areas. No human infections or deaths have been reported. The risk to humans from Avian Influenza is believed to be very low. As a precaution, avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; and ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked. Read this advice in conjunction with Avian and Pandemic Influenza, which gives more detailed advice and information.
West Nile VirusOn 30 August 2012, the Romanian National Institute of Health reported seven cases of West Nile Virus in Romania. For further information, see information from the National Travel Health Network and Centre.
The Romanian Health Ministry recommends the following precautions be taken to avoid mosquito bites:
Wear long-sleeved shirts and trousers whenever you are outdoors
Apply insect repellent to exposed skin or to clothing
Keep your doors and windows (without nets) closed at all times 

NATURAL DISASTERS

Earthquakes are not uncommon in southern and south-western Romania and small tremors are recorded throughout the year without consequences. The last earthquake, registered at 5.8, with its epicentre in the Black Sea, occurred on 05 August 2009, but there were no casualties or significant damage.
Independent advice on how to prepare for an earthquake and how to protect yourself during an earthquake or tremor is available from many sources online.

General - Insurance
You should take out comprehensive medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. See our Travel Insurance page.
If things do go wrong when you are overseas then see our When Things Go Wrong page.
General - Registration Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.
General - Emergency services
The telephone number for all of Romania's emergency services is 112. They have English speaking operators.
General - Customs Regulations
If you travel within the European Union (EU) you can bring an unlimited amount of most goods. For example, you can bring in any alcohol, tobacco, meat and dairy products - as long as they are for your own use and transported by you. If you are bringing in alcohol and tobacco goods and the Customs officer may have reason to suspect they may be for a commercial purpose, an officer may ask you questions and make checks.
General - Money
Any person entering or leaving the EU will have to declare the cash that they are carrying if this amounts to 10,000 Euros or more; this includes cheques, travellers’ cheques, money orders, etc. This will not apply to anyone travelling via the EU to a non-EU country, as long as the original journey started outside of the EU, nor to those travelling within the EU.
Carry Euros in Romania. Dollars and Sterling are not always easy to exchange for the local currency especially outside of Bucharest. You may also have difficulties using travellers’ cheques and credit cards. Scottish and Northern Irish bank notes/coins may not be exchanged in banks and bureaux de changes.
Romania is largely a cash economy. While an increasing number of businesses do accept credit cards, use cash due to the risk of credit card fraud. There is now a large network of ATMs that accept standard international credit and debit cards. Check with your bank/card provider whether you will be able to use these machines to draw out local currency.

Brazil

Travel advice for this country

• Travel Summary
• Safety and security
• Local laws and customs
• Entry requirements

• Health
• Natural disasters
• General
 

TRAVEL SUMMARY

• Police in Rio de Janeiro began a strike on 10 February. Follow advice given by the authorities and monitor local media.
• Levels of crime and violence are high, particularly in major cities. You should be particularly vigilant before and during the festive and Carnival periods. Instances of bank card fraud are common. Always notify your UK bank before you travel to avoid your card being blocked when you try to use it in Brazil. See Safety and Security -Crime section. 
• Around 167,000 British nationals visited Brazil in 2010 (source: Brazilian Ministry of Tourism). Most visits are trouble-free. See General - Consular Assistance Statistics.
• There is an underlying threat from internationalterrorism. Attacks, although unlikely, could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.
• Drug trafficking is widespread in Brazil, and incurs severe penalties.
• The rainy season in Brazil runs from November until March in the south and south east and from April until July in the north east of the country. Heavy rains can often disrupt infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. You should monitor local media reports for the latest information before travelling.
• You should take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See General - Insurance. 

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Safety and Security - Terrorism
There is an underlying threat from international terrorism.  Attacks, although unlikely, could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers.  For more general information see our Terrorism Abroad page.

Safety and Security - Crime
Levels of Levels of violence and crime are high. Shanty-towns (“favelas”) exist in all major Brazilian cities; they are characterised by poverty and extremely high levels of violent crime. The state government has implemented a Pacifying Police Force (Unidade de Policia Pacificadora (UPP) in several “favelas” throughout Rio de Janeiro. This has brought more safety to these areas, however, all “favelas” can be unpredictably dangerous areas, even if visited with well organised tours. Outbreaks of violence, particularly aimed at police and officials, can occur at anytime and may be widespread and unpredictable.  Public transport is likely to be disrupted during periods of unrest. You should remain alert and aware of local conditions at all times.

You should be particularly vigilant before and during the festive and Carnival periods, as there is often a seasonal upsurge in robberies around this time. Violence and crime can occur anywhere and often involve firearms or other weapons. You are advised to dress down, avoid wearing jewellery and expensive watches, and only carry small sums of money.  Conceal mobile phones and cameras. You should be ready to hand over your valuables if threatened; do not attempt to resist attackers as they will often use their weapons, particularly if under the influence of drugs. Safeguard valuables at all times, including your passport.

Thefts from cars are common, and cases of car jacking occur, sometimes with the occupants being taken and forced to withdraw money from their accounts at cash machines. When in a car you should keep the doors locked and the windows closed, and take particular care at traffic lights. In three or more lanes of traffic, consider using the middle lane(s), where safety may be higher. Avoid venturing out after dark in quiet streets except under reliable local advice. The threat of personal attack is lower outside the cities.  However, incidents can occur anywhere, even in holiday destinations that appear relatively secure.

The incident of rape and other sexual offences is statistically low, but there have been reports of attacks against both men and women, and some have involved 'date rape' drugs - you should purchase your own drinks and keep them within sight at all times to avoid them being drugged. See our rape and sexual assault abroad page.

There has been an increase in robberies of ATM machines in Sao Paulo. The Brazilian Banks Federation installed in a number of ATMs an anti theft device that colours the notes of an ATM that has been damaged or tampered with using pink ink. Any pink coloured note will not be accepted in the market and automatically loses its value. If you withdraw cash at an ATM and it has any sort of pink marks you should speak with the bank manager straight away to get it changed. If outside bank hours or not in a bank branch you should get a bank statement from the ATM showing the withdrawal and take it with the marked note to a police station and get a police report, with this you can go to a bank to get the note changed.
You can find pictures of what the coloured notes look like here.

Credit card fraud is common. Try to keep sight of your card at all times. Additionally, with the possibility of theft, consider keeping a spare credit card for emergencies in your hotel safe, if there is one, in a sealed envelope (for extra security- to indicate fraudulent access to the safe).

Mobile phone cloning occurs. Take care of your handset.

See our victims of crime abroad page. 

Safety and Security - Political Situation

Brazil Country Profile

Safety and Security - Local travel
Public transport

Be vigilant when using public transport, especially during rush-hour as petty crime can be common. Generally speaking, the metro systems in Rio and São Paulo are safer than bus services. There are also frequent bus crashes (see the “Road Travel” section of this advice), with buses very often not responding to traffic lights or “Stop” signs. Bus travel between and in major cities is relatively safe, although there have been incidents of hijacking and robbery of tour buses in recent years. Both Rio and São Paulo metro systems have English websites.

The public transport systems in major cities are often not completely integrated.  For example in both São Paulo and Rio, the Airports have no train connections.

On arrival in Brazil, ensure that you use licenced (rather than unlicenced) airport taxis. You can pick up licensed taxis from the many recognised taxi ranks around Brazilian cities - a driver’s photographic licence on display is a good indication that a taxi is registered. Most Brazilian airports have licensed taxi desks inside the baggage reclaim areas.  You can pay for your taxi in advance using a credit card or cash inside the airport rather than at the curb.

Safety and Security - Local Travel - Road Travel
Brazil has a high road accident rate. In many rural areas the quality of roads away from the main highways, and the poor standard of driving especially of trucks and buses, requires particular vigilance.

Brazil has a zero tolerance policy on drink driving. If you are caught driving whilst under the influence of alcohol, it is likely that you will be prosecuted. The penalties range from being fined and also suspended from driving for 12 months, to imprisonment for up to three years.

For more general information see driving abroad.

Safety and Security - Air Travel 
Always use recognised national air carriers. There have been some recent accidents involving light aircraft, which sometimes have poor maintenance standards.  Make sure you allow plenty of time to arrive at the airport for your flight. Traffic in the cities of São Paulo and Rio can be very heavy, especially in rush hour, resulting in extended journey times to the airports. The infrastructure in most major airports in Brazil is currently overloaded and a major programme of refurbishment and expansion works is currently underway.  As a result, check-in and transit times through the airports can often be longer than normal.

For more general information see airline security.

Safety and Security - Rail Travel 
The rail and metro infrastructure is limited in Brazil.  In the past there have been some safety and security incidents on these public transport systems.

Safety and Security - Sea Travel 
You should be vigilant of safety procedures on board vessels if travelling on a river or the sea. In particular, boat accidents on the Amazon River are not uncommon. In the past there have been cases of both armed and unarmed attacks on merchant vessels, including British flag vessels off the Brazilian coast and in some Brazilian ports.

For more general information see river and sea safety.

Safety and Security - Swimming 
Strong currents and sharks can be a problem off some beaches. You should take local advice before swimming.

LOCAL LAWS AND CUSTOMS

Local Laws and Customs - Drugs
Drug trafficking is widespread in Brazil. If you are caught trafficking the penalties are severe, often involving long prison sentences in a Brazilian prison. The penalties for possession of drugs for personal use range from educational classes to community service.

Local Laws and Customs - Paedophilia and child prostitution
The sexual abuse of children is a serious crime and widespread in Brazil. The UK and Brazilian authorities are committed to combating travelling child sex offenders and the Brazilian Government continues to crack down on those who commit such offences. Those arrested and convicted can expect to receive long prison sentences. Legislation in the UK, the Sex Offenders Act 1997, can be used to prosecute in the UK those who commit sex offences against children abroad. This has already been used successfully in cases of British nationals who have committed such offences elsewhere in the world.

Local Laws and Customs - Gap Year Travellers 
See our gap year page.

Local Laws and Customs - Homosexuality 
There is no legislation against homosexuality in Brazil. The country has a tradition of tolerance towards homosexuality. However in recent years some unprovoked attacks on homosexual couples have occurred.  Gay travellers should be generally aware of local sensitivities. Since May 2011, Brazilian law recognises homosexual stable unions and gives homosexual couples the same rights as heterosexual couples.

For more general information for different types of travellers see ouryour trip page.

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Entry Requirements - Visas
British nationals can normally enter Brazil without a visa as tourists. For further information see the website of the Brazilian Consulate in London.

It is important that you comply with Brazilian immigration laws on arrival in country and satisfy the Federal Police (the Brazilian immigration authority) of your intended purpose of visit. It is particularly important to be able to demonstrate that you have sufficient money to fund the duration of your stay, that you have details of your accommodation and a return airline ticket or evidence that you are going to leave the country by other means of transport. If you do not, then you risk being denied entry into the country. If you wish to extend your stay you should apply to the Federal Police for an extension in advance of your 90-day period. If you overstay the validity of your visa, you are likely to be given notice to leave the country at your own expense and risk fines and/or deportation.

It is important that you retain your immigration landing card that is required to leave the country – if you lose it you could be subject to a fine. It is also important that you have enough cash to pay the airport tax (R$65 payable in cash only) if this has not been paid with your airline ticket, which is a requirement to leave the country.

The Brazilian Immigration Authorities are vigilant to foreigners claiming to be visitors when in fact their intention is to work in Brazil (e.g. by undertaking training and equipment maintenance).

For further information about entry requirements for Brazil, you should contact the Brazilian Consulate in London.

Entry Requirements - Passport validity

You must hold a valid passport to enter Brazil. Your passport must be valid for a minimum period of six months from the date of entry into Brazil.

Often the Brazilian Immigration Authorities will require dual British/Brazilian nationals visiting Brazil to travel on Brazilian (rather than British) passports.  

Entry Requirements - Yellow Fever Certificate

If you have recently visited a country, which is known to suffer from outbreaks of Yellow Fever, you will need to show that you have been vaccinated against the disease. Please see the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel.

Entry Requirements - Travelling with children

There are additional requirements for all children under 18 entering and/or transiting Brazil without their parents or legal guardian (including on school trips), or if travelling with one parent only.  You should contact the Brazilian Consulate in London for up-to-date advice on requirements.

HEALTH

Foreign nationals are entitled to unforeseen emergency medical treatment in Brazilian public hospitals. However, you are not obliged to offer treatment for existing illnesses or care after you have been stabilised. Public hospitals in Brazil, especially in major cities, tend to be crowded. Private hospitals will not accept you unless you can present evidence of sufficient funds or insurance.

Due to the rainy season (December – March) and the elevated temperatures in the summer it is common for the number of dengue cases to increase. Symptoms of dengue fever usually begin 7 to 10 days after being bitten and include high fever with aching joints and bones and a headache. If you develop these symptoms, you should consult a doctor. There is no vaccine to prevent dengue. You can reduce the risk of infection by taking precautions to avoid mosquito bites such as using insect repellents, wearing appropriate clothing to cover up - such as long sleeve tops and trousers and taking appropriate advice from your doctor or a travel health clinic at least 6-8 weeks before you travel so you know the risks and how to protect yourself from illness.

You should exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. For more general information on how to do this see HIV and AIDS.

You should seek medical advice before travelling to Brazil and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention you should visit the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) and NHS Scotland’s Fit for Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

See our travel health page.

NATURAL DISASTERS

Natural Disasters - Rainy Season 
Heavy rains have caused severe floods in the state of Santa Catarina (south Brazil) and up to a million people in over 90 municipalities have been affected. According to the local Civil Defence over 15,000 people are homeless. Please monitor local media and official government websites for further information.

The rainy season in Brazil runs from November until March in the South and South East and from April until July in the North East of the country.  Heavy rains can often disrupt infrastructure, particularly in rural areas.  Flash floods and landslides, especially in poorer urban areas, are not uncommon during heavy rains. You should monitor local media reports for the latest information and follow any instructions given by local authorities in these situations.

GENERAL

We advise you to check the integrity and safety standards of any adventure travel tour you may use, before embarking on the journey.

The sun in Brazil can be extremely strong and UV levels can be higher than at home. Always take sufficient precautions when going out in the sun and drink lots of water to avoid dehydration.

General - Insurance
We recommend that you obtain comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. You should check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. For more general information see travel insurance. 

Egypt

This advice has been reviewed and reissued with amendments to the Travel Summary (demonstrations called for 27 January) the Safety and Security - Political Situation section (increase in incidents of protestors blocking roads) and editorial amendments to the Safety and Security - Crime, Local Laws and Customs and Health - Avian Influenza and General - Consular Assistance Statistics sections. The overall level of this advice has not changed; there are no travel restrictions in place in this travel advice for Egypt.

Travel advice for this country

Travel Summary
Safety and security
Local laws and customs
Entry requirements
Health
Natural disasters
General

TRAVEL SUMMARY

Demonstrations have been called for Friday 27 January in Tahrir Square, Cairo. There remains a possibility of demonstrations taking place elsewhere in Cairo as well as other cities in Egypt, including Alexandria.

Protestors remain in Tahrir Square in Cairo and vehicle access is difficult. The road leading to the Ministry of Interior remains closed to traffic and Qasr al Aini is currently blocked near Tahrir Square. There is a risk of delay due to traffic congestion around some areas of downtown/Garden City.

British nationals should avoid all crowds and demonstrations. The situation can change rapidly and we recommend that you follow events on local and international news and seek advice from tour operators.

There have been reports of sexual assaults on women during some demonstrations in Tahrir Square. There have also been a number of arrests during demonstrations, including British and other foreign nationals.

There is a high threat from terrorism throughout Egypt, including in Sinai. Security is tight throughout the country, especially in resort areas. There is a high risk of indiscriminate attacks including public places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers, including but not limited to resorts, hotels and restaurants.

The Israeli side of the Taba Border Crossing was closed on 25 September to Israeli passport holders trying to enter Egypt. We understand that British nationals carrying a British passport will be allowed to cross into Egypt as usual, but we are aware that locally the Israelis are advising foreigners not to cross. We advise British nationals to take extra caution when approaching the border and respect any advice or instruction from the local security authorities and your tour operator.

1.034 million British nationals visited Egypt in 2011 (Source: Egyptian Ministry of Tourism). See General - Consular Assistance Statistics. The majority of consular cases occur in Cairo and Sharm el-Sheikh.


You should carry some form of photographic ID at all times. A copy of your passport is sufficient.


Egyptian society is conservative and women should dress modestly. See Local Laws and Customs.

You should take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See General - Insurance.

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Safety and Security - Political Situation

Egypt Country Profile
Between 25 January and 11 February 2011 there were major disturbances in Cairo and other locations across Egypt, including Suez, North Sinai, Rafah, the Delta region and some areas of Upper Egypt, including Luxor. Since this time there have been frequent demonstrations in a number of major cities, usually on Fridays. Some of the demonstrations have been violent and have resulted in deaths.

Demonstrations in Cairo have often centred on Tahrir Square, the Maspero area of downtown Cairo and on occasion outside the Israeli embassy in the district of Giza. We advise that you follow the news on the television and radio closely, and stay away from demonstrations and large gatherings of people.

Elections for the Shura Council Upper House of Parliament will be held on the following dates in the areas listed:

• 1st Phase: Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said, Fayoum, Damietta, Kafr El Sheikh, Assyut, Red Sea (including Hurghada) and Luxor: 29 January with run-offs on 5 February.

• 2nd Phase: Giza (district of Cairo), Ismailia, Suez, Behera, Sharqeya, Monofeya, Beni Suif, Souhag and Aswan: 14 February with run-offs on 21 February.

• 3rd Phase: Minya, North Sinai, South Sinai, Qalyoubeya, Gharbeya, Dakhahleya, Matrouh and Qena Governorates: 4 March with run-offs on 11 March.
There have been reports of sexual assaults on women occurring during demonstrations. There have also been a number of arrests during demonstrations, including British and other foreign nationals. We advise you to carry ID at all times.

Discussions at the United Nations General Assembly regarding Palestinian issues have the potential to lead to demonstrations. Groups in Egypt may hold large gatherings or demonstrations in response to developments at the UNGA. You should monitor local and international news broadcasts for updated information.

Israeli retaliation, following attacks in southern Israel on 18 August, caused the deaths of six Egyptian security personnel near to the Eilat border with Israel. As a result there were large scale violent disturbances outside the Israeli Embassy in the Giza district of Cairo on 9 and 10 September. The possibility remains of further demonstrations in this location.

The trial of former President Mubarak resumed on 28 December 2011. When the trial is ongoing the area around the Police Academy in Katameya, Cairo, is heavily policed and traffic can be very heavy. There have been clashes in the immediate vicinity and a number of arrests have been made. We recommend that you avoid the immediate vicinity of the Police Academy and exercise caution on the Ring Road passing in front of the building when the trial is ongoing.

There has been an increase in incidents of protestors blocking roads. Roads have been blocked and tourist buses delayed in Sinai, Aswan, Qena, Suez and between Luxor and Hurghada. You should exercise caution and comply with instructions fromlocal security authorities and tour operators.

Recent violent incidents include:
Violent clashes between protesters and security authorities near Tahrir Square in Cairo, in particular outside the Cabinet building on Qasr al Aini Street took place during late December. Over 20 people were killed and a large number injured.
There were violent confrontations between security forces and demonstrators in Tahrir Square and the Downtown area of Cairo from 18 to 24 November in which over 40 people were killed, mainly in Cairo and over 2,500 injured. A mass demonstration was held on 22 November in Tahrir Square.
Demonstrations occurred in Alexandria from 18-24 November. Some of these have been violent and one person has died. Demonstrations have occurred at the following locations: outside the Ibrahim Mosque in the city centre, around the Northern Military HQ, the Security Directorate in Smouha and at Alexandria University.
Demonstrations and clashes also occurred in the following cities from 18-24 November: Suez, Ismailia, Qena, Fayoum, Damietta, Minya, Assiut, Zaqaziq and Port Said.
On 9-10 October in the Maspero area of downtown Cairo there were violent clashes in which 24 people were killed and a large number injured.
On 9-10 September there were large scale violent disturbances outside the Israeli Embassy in the Giza district of Cairo. Three people were killed and many people were injured.
Large demonstrations in Cairo and Alexandria on 29 July. Tahrir Square in Cairo was occupied by protestors for about a month. On 1 August, the military cleared Tahrir Square in Cairo, which is now open to traffic.
Demonstrations in Cairo on 22 and 23 July. Violent clashes occurred in the Abbasiya district of Cairo on 23-24 July, in which around 300 persons were injured.
Violent confrontations between police and demonstrators in and around Tahrir Square, Cairo, on 28 and 29 June.
Riots in downtown Cairo on 9 June in which one person died.
Violent clashes outside the Israeli Embassy in Cairo on 15 May in which a large number of people were injured and arrested.
Violent clashes between the police and demonstrators on 14 May in front of the State TV and Radio Building in Central Cairo in which 78 people were injured.
Sectarian clashes in the Cairo district of Imbaba on 7 and 9 May, in which at least 12 people were killed and over 260 injured.
Violent protests in mid-April in the southern Egyptian city of Qena and its surroundings district. Road and railway lines through the Province were blocked by protesters.
Violent demonstrations in Tahrir on 9 April in which one person was killed and 71 people were injured.
Violent sectarian clashes on 8 March in the Moqattam district of Cairo in which 13 people died and 140 were injured.
Clashes in Tahrir Square on 8 and 9 March which resulted in one death and a number of injuries. In Alexandria the military shot dead three looters in the downtown area on 9 March.

Safety and Security - Terrorism


There is a high threat from terrorism throughout Egypt, including in Sinai. Security is tight throughout the country, especially in resort areas. There is a high risk of indiscriminate attacks including public places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers, including but not limited to resorts, hotels and restaurants.

On 01 January 2011, there was an explosion, believed to be from a suicide bomb, outside a Coptic Church in Alexandria. At least 21 people were killed and over 80 were injured. There have been several explosions at gas terminals and pipelines in and around the north Sinai town of Al Arish this year. The most recent was on 4 July. The explosions are thought to be the result of terrorism.

In May 2009, an explosion occurred outside St Mary’s Church (Coptic) in Zeitoun, Cairo. No one was injured. In February 2009 there was an explosion in Cairo’s Khan al Khalili market which killed one foreign tourist.

British nationals should exercise extra caution in the vicinity of churches particularly around the time of religious services. You should also exercise caution in public areas and heed instructions from the local security authorities who may insist on escorting you in some areas. You should carry photo identification and co-operate fully with officials.

Since 2004, there have been three separate bomb attacks in the Sinai Peninsula. British nationals were killed or injured in each of these attacks. The most recent incident involving British nationals occurred on 24 April 2006 in the resort town of Dahab.

As some of these attacks have taken place over local holiday weekends, Egyptian security forces tend to step up their presence at these times. You are advised to take extra caution at these times and respect any advice or instruction from the local security authorities. A list of Egyptian holidays can be found on the website of the British Embassy in Cairo. See our Terrorism Abroad page.

Safety and Security - Crime


IIn many areas of Egypt, the crime rate remains relatively low. However, in the period since the Revolution of January/February 2011 there has been an increase in crime such as muggings, sexual assaults, rapes, break-ins to accommodation and cars and car-jackings at gun and knife-point, including in areas popular with expats and during the daytime. Muggings have occurred in taxis. There have been some cases of abductions for financial gain but no expatriates have so far been targeted. The presence of police and security authority forces on the streets is not at the level it was prior to the Revolution. You should be vigilant of your surroundings at all times.

We continue to receive a significant number of reports of cases of sexual assault cases against British nationals, which have increased during and since the unrest of January/February 2011. In 2011, we handled 20cases of sexual assault and six cases of rape. Some assaults were against minors. Many occurred in what were considered to be safe environments e.g. hotel premises. Assaults have also occurred in taxis; and on microbuses when the victim was the last passenger left.

See our Rape and Sexual Assault page.

Alcohol and drugs can lead to you being less alert, less in control and less aware of your environment. If you are going to drink, know your limit. Remember that drinks served in bars overseas are often stronger than those in the UK.

You should take care of your passport and valuables, use hotel safes and be aware of pickpockets and bag snatchers. If you are the victim of any crime you must report it to the Tourist Police immediately. Failure to report crimes before you leave Egypt will make it impossible to seek a prosecution at a later date.

See our Victims of Crime page.

Safety and Security - Local Travel - Border Areas


All border areas should be treated with extreme caution. If you intend to travel to the south west corner of the country near the Egypt/Sudan/Libya border, you must apply for a permit from the Travel Permits Department of the Egyptian Ministry of the Interior. We advise extreme caution in travelling to this area, and carefully consider whether your security arrangements are adequate. In 2008, 19 people were kidnapped whilst on safari in the Karkur Talh area, near the border. The borders in this area are porous and bandits and armed groups operate.

The area of the border between Egypt and Gaza and surrounding North Sinai area is often tense with occasional outbreaks of violence. There was an armed attack on a police station in Al Arish on 29 July which spread to the surrounding area. Five people died and over 100 were injured in the incident. It is unclear who was responsible for the attack. There have been reports of cross-border shootings into Egypt, including on 6 January 2010 when an Egyptian border guard was shot and killed. Demonstrators on the Gaza side of the border near the Rafah crossing were injured during clashes on 6 January and the security situation in the area remains tense. Since 11 February, security has been looser in North Sinai and there have been attacks on government buildings and energy infrastructure - mainly in the Al Arish area. Exercise caution if travelling around this area.

Following attacks in Southern Israel on 18 August in which eight Israelis died, Israeli forces killed five Egyptian security personnel on the Egyptian border with Eilat.

The border with Israel can also be tense. Following attacks in Southern Israel on 18 August in which eight Israelis died, Israeli forces killed five Egyptian security personnel on the Egyptian border with Eilat.

The Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza is now open daily from 09:00 – 17:00 except Fridays and public holidays. As the border is subject to closure at short notice we advise you check in advance of travel if the crossing is open.

Male holders of Palestinian passport aged between 18 and 40 will need to seek prior clearance before entering Egypt. Non-Palestinian nationals crossing into Gaza from Egypt will still need clearance. For the latest requirements on crossing from Egypt to Gaza, delivering aid or entering for humanitarian purposes, you should contact the Egyptian Embassy in London. However, the Egyptian authorities have stated that all aid going into Gaza from Egypt must be channelled through the Egyptian Red Crescent (Tel + 20 226 703 979, + 20 226 703 983, Fax + 20 226 703 967). Short notice requests for humanitarian access and those made in Egypt are unlikely to be considered. The Egyptian authorities can request a letter from the British Embassy in Cairo as part of their entry requirements. The British Embassy considers each request carefully and is only able to provide letters in certain circumstances and against strict criteria when entry is for humanitarian aid purposes. Please contact the British Embassy (http://ukinegypt.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/our-embassy/contact-us/) directly for details. You should also read the FCO Travel Advice for Israel and the Occupied Territories.
Safety and Security - Road Travel

Road accidents are very common in Egypt, mainly due to poor road conditions, including main roads, dangerous driving and non-enforcement of traffic laws. Police estimate that road accidents kill over 6,000 people in Egypt each year. This is double the UK figure. Avoid driving outside main cities and resorts at night and observe the local speed limit. Make sure you obtain adequate insurance. In the event of an accident emergency medical facilities are limited.

You can drive in Egypt on an International driving licence for up to six months. If you intend to remain in Egypt for a longer period you must apply for an Egyptian driving licence.

By law, seatbelts must be worn when travelling in the front of a vehicle. Where available, seatbelts should be worn at all times. Child car seats are available locally.

Only certain categories of foreign residents may import vehicles. Vehicles of visitors should be temporarily imported with a valid “carnet de passage” available from the Automobile Association.

There have been a number of serious bus crashes in recent years with large numbers of fatalities, including tourists. On 19 November 2010, eight tourists were killed and around 22 were injured when their bus crashed on a highway near the Red Sea resort of Hurghada. On 26 December 2010, eight tourists were killed and 21 were injured when their bus collided with a truck which was parked on a road near Aswan. On 6 November 2011, eleven tourists were killed when their bus crashed avoiding another vehicle near Hurghada. If you are a passenger in a vehicle that is travelling at an unsafe speed you should firmly instruct the driver to slow down.

If travelling off road, a qualified guide should be employed and appropriate permits obtained from the Ministry of Interior.

See our Driving Abroad page.

Safety and Security - Rail Travel



Egypt's rail network has experienced a number of fatal accidents in recent years. The most recent crash with a large number of fatalities occurred on 25 October 2009 when two passenger trains collided in Al-Ayyat, 31 miles south of Cairo.

Safety and Security - River/Sea Travel


In recent years, overcrowding and poor safety standards have led to several accidents on Red Sea ferries and Nile cruisers. There have been four significant fires on Nile cruisers since September 2006. An Egyptian ferry sank in the Red Sea between Duba, Saudi Arabia and Safaga, Egypt in February 2006. Seventeen people died when a minibus fell off a ferry in late April in Beni Suef.

Egypt does not experience the scale of piracy seen in the Horn of Africa. Travellers in small or slow boats are however advised to move in convoy and obtain detailed advice from the coastguard before carefully considering the risks in travelling through the Red Sea. Some cruise ships departing from Egyptian ports travel through the Gulf of Aden. Consult the Department for Transport's latest advice on piracy in the Gulf of Aden if you are considering travelling through this region.

See our River and Sea Safety page.

Safety and Security - Adventure Travel


Before undertaking any adventure activity ensure that your travel insurance covers you for the activity.

If you are considering diving or snorkelling in any of the Red Sea resorts be aware that safety standards of diving operators can vary considerably. A basic rule is never to dive or snorkel unaccompanied. Where possible make any bookings through your tour representative. Unusually cheap operators may not provide adequate safety and insurance standards. Ensure that your travel insurance covers you fully before you dive. Diving beyond the depth limit of your insurance policy will invalidate your cover.

The Egyptian Chamber of Diving and Water Sports (CDWS) website provides further details and regular updates on diving conditions in Sharm el Sheikh, including advice following a number of shark attacks on 30 November, 1 December and 5 December in which a tourist died and three others were injured. Shark attacks of any kind are very unusual in the Red Sea but we advise that you monitor updates issued by the local authorities and your tour operator.

Ensure that your travel insurance covers you fully before you dive. Diving beyond the depth limit of your insurance policy will invalidate your cover. You should also ensure that your travel insurance, or that of the tour or dive company, provides adequate cover for the costs involved in any air/sea rescue if you are lost at sea. The current fee can exceed US$4000 per hour. The Egyptian authorities will only undertake air/sea rescue operations on receipt of a guarantee of payment. The British Embassy is unable to provide this initial guarantee, but does facilitate communication between insurance companies and the Egyptian authorities.

Quad bikes can be dangerous. There have been several serious quad bike accidents involving British nationals in resort areas. Take the same precautions as you would in the UK and note that safety standards can vary considerably. Always wear a crash helmet and ensure that your travel insurance policy covers you fully before you hire a quad bike.

There were three serious hot air balloon accidents in Luxor in 2009. You should consider the operator's safety arrangements carefully.

Other activities which could invalidate your insurance cover are camel and horse riding.

Safety and Security - Landmines


There remains a small risk from unexploded landmines in certain desert areas in the north west of Egypt near to Alamein, and on some limited stretches of the Mediterranean coast near Marsa Matrouh and on the Red Sea coast south of Suez. Danger areas are usually well marked with signs and barbed wire fencing. Exercise caution and follow local advice, especially if planning trips off marked roads.

LOCAL LAWS

Local laws reflect the fact that Egypt is predominantly an Islamic country. Respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs. This is especially important during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. See our Travelling During Ramadan page.

The government does not interfere with the practice of Christianity but encouraging conversion to the Christian faith is illegal.

Egypt is also a conservative society; dress modestly, especially in rural areas, mosques and souqs (markets). Women's clothes should cover their legs and upper arms. Men should cover their chests. Public displays of affection are frowned upon. What may be acceptable in the tourist resort areas may not be in other areas.

Drinking in the street and anywhere other than a licensed restaurant or bar is not allowed and can lead to arrest.

Possession, use or trafficking in illegal drugs is a serious offence and can, even for possession of small amounts, lead to lengthy prison sentences (25 years), life imprisonment or the death penalty. Those convicted to life imprisonment on drugs charges will normally spend the rest of their life in prison with no possibility of parole or pardon. Khat is illegal in Egypt.

Photography of or near military official installations is strictly prohibited. This includes the Suez Canal. Don’t photograph officials without their consent. Plane spotting is not advised in any circumstances. You may be detained or arrested if you use binoculars near an airport.

Although homosexuality is not in itself illegal under Egyptian law, homosexual acts in public are illegal and homosexuals have been convicted for breaching laws on public decency.

Women are advised to take extra caution when travelling alone as there have been cases of harassment and sexual assault, including rape. Egyptian family law is very different from UK law and particular caution is needed when, for example, child custody becomes an issue. See our parental child abduction page.

See our Your trip page.

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS


Entry Requirements - Visas

British passport holders travelling to Egypt normally require a visa. However, the Egyptian authorities state that "British nationals travelling to Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba resorts only, for up to 14 days, do not require a visa they shall receive a free entry permission stamp upon arrival. If you intend to travel out of the mentioned areas or overstay, you must obtain a visa." Visas can be obtained from an Egyptian Consulate outside Egypt or on arrival by payment in Sterling or USD, for stays of up to a month. If you have travelled to the Sinai peninsula, entering without a visa and your plans change you can normally purchase a visa at Sharm El Sheikh airport to allow you to travel. Applications for visa extensions should be made at Egyptian Passport and Immigration Offices. Further information is available from the Egyptian Consulate and any enquiries should be directed to the Egyptian authorities or see the Ministry of Immigration.

A visa does not guarantee entry into Egypt. The decision to allow or decline entry rests solely with the Egyptian immigration authorities and we cannot interfere in another country's immigration policy or procedures. We will, however, do all we properly can to make contact within 24 hours of hearing of the detention of a British national to offer advice and contact relatives in the UK if requested. You may have difficulties leaving Egypt with an out of date visa. You will not normally be allowed to leave if the visa is out of date by more than 14 days. For visas and further information on entry requirements, check with the Egyptian Embassy in your country of residence: the Egyptian Embassy in London.

Entry Requirements - Passport Validity

You must hold a valid passport to enter Egypt. Your passport must be valid for a minimum period of six months from the date of entry into Egypt.
Entry Requirements – Previous Travel to Israel


Evidence of a previous visit to Israel such as an Israeli entry/exit stamp in your passport does not normally cause any difficulties when entering Egypt. It is, however, for the Egyptian authorities to determine the right of entry into the country. If you have any concerns, you should contact the Egyptian consulate.


Entry Requirements - Work Permits


Evidence of testing for HIV is required if you are applying for a work permit.

Entry Requirements - Customs Regulations


5,000 Egyptian pounds is the maximum amount of local currency you are allowed to bring in or take out of Egypt. There is no limit to the amount of hard currency that you may bring in, but sums that exceed USD 10,000 should be declared on arrival. Egyptian currency should not be sent through the post. Certain valuables such as electrical equipment, video camera etc must be declared on arrival. Satellite phones and radio communications equipment brought into Egypt without prior clearance from the Ministry of Telecommunications are likely to be confiscated: http://www.ntra.gov.eg/english/main.asp. Electrical items noted in passports must be produced on exit from the country. Failure to do so will result in payment of high rates of customs duty. It is advisable to contact the Egyptian embassy in your country of residence for specific information regarding customs requirements.

HEALTH

Medical facilities outside Cairo and other major cities and resorts can be basic and in case of emergency you are advised to seek treatment in Cairo or the nearest urban centre, including Sharm el Sheikh. You should ensure that your medical insurance covers the cost of local hospitalisation and medical repatriation to your country of residence.

Come prepared for the heat. Use a high factor sun block and drink plenty of water to guard against exposure and dehydration, which can result in serious health problems.

In general tap water is not safe to drink. However bottled water is cheap and readily available.

In the 2010 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 10,000 adults aged 15 or over in Egypt were living with HIV; the prevalence percentage was estimated at less than 0.1% of the adult population compared to the prevalence percentage in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. Exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. See our HIV and AIDS page.

Seek medical advice before travelling to Egypt and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection for Egypt you should check the websites of the National Travel Health Network and Centre NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

See our Travel Health page.

Health - Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) H5N1)


There are cases of bird flu in Egypt, mostly in rural areas. The Egyptian Ministry of Health confirmed a total of 22 cases of avian influenza and nine deaths during 2010. All of the cases are known to have had contact with sick or dead poultry before the onset of symptoms.

The risk to humans from Avian Influenza is believed to be very low. However, as a precaution you should avoid visiting live animal markets, poultry farms and other places where you may come into close contact with domestic, caged or wild birds; and ensure poultry and egg dishes are thoroughly cooked.

You should read this advice in conjunction with the Avian and Pandemic Influenza page, which gives more detailed advice and information.
NATURAL DISASTERS
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Egypt is susceptible to occasional earthquakes; the last major one was in 1992.


GENERAL

General - Insurance


You should take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. Make sure it covers the cost of local hospitalisation and medical repatriation to your country of residence. Check for any exclusions and that your policy covers you for all the activities you want to undertake. You should contact your insurer if you have had a previous health condition, including mental illness, as this may not be covered if it recurs. See our Travel Insurance page.

If things go wrong when overseas, see our When Things Go Wrong page.

General - Registering with the British Embassy


Register with our LOCATE service to tell us when and where you are travelling abroad or where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

General - Money


Cash machines are quite common in Egypt, especially in the main tourist areas.

Scottish and Northern Irish bank notes are not exchangeable in Egypt.

Major hotels and medical facilities will usually accept payment by credit card, however smaller hotels and medical establishments may expect payment in hard currency.

General - Purchase of Property


British nationals have purchased land in many parts of Egypt. Some have encountered problems. If you intend to purchase a property in Egypt engage a local lawyer in whom you have confidence. A list of English speaking lawyers is available on the British Embassy Cairo website. Deal only with established and reputable lawyers and estate agents or with other contacts that they know to be reliable and genuine, and make all payments within bank premises and/or through banking channels and not in cash. In parts of Egypt (including, increasingly, in the area of the West Bank in Luxor) your land tenure rights can be severely curtailed by local legislation. It is important that your lawyer obtains an extract from the local land registry to satisfy you that the property or land in question is formally registered. Seek legal advice before entering into any contract. Don't sign anything that you do not understand. A list of translators is available on the British Embassy, Cairo website (see above). Ensure that your personal details and the full purchase price of the property are reflected on the deeds.

The British Embassy is unable to interfere with court or legal proceedings. Neither can it lobby or provide updates to British national involved in land or property disputes.

General - Consular Assistance Statistics


1.034 million British nationals visited Egypt in 2011 (Source: Egyptian Ministry of Tourism). Most visits are trouble-free. 322 British nationals required consular assistance in Egypt in the period 01 April 2010 - 31 March 2011 for the following types of incident: 78 deaths; 100 hospitalisations; 34 arrests for a variety of offences. The majority of consular cases occur in Cairo and Sharm el-Sheikh.

Algeria

Travel advice for this country
Travel Summary
Safety and security
Local laws and customs
Entry requirements
Health
Natural disasters
General
TRAVEL SUMMARY

We advise against all but essential travel to the areas bordering Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Libya and Tunisia, as well as to the administrative districts (wilayas) of Boumerdès, Bouira, Skikda, Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia, east of Algiers. Travellers should also exercise caution in the wilayas of, Blida and Medéa south of Algiers, Chlef to the west, Ain Defla and Bourj Bou Arreridj to the south east of Algiers and Tamanrasset and Djanet in southern Algeria. Journeys within Algeria should be made by air where possible.

In September, the media reported a threat made by terrorists allegedly linked to Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) against airlines used by energy companies to transport their staff, potentially including British nationals, in Algeria. Foreign workers have previously been targets of attacks in Algeria.

There have been a number of generally peaceful demonstrations in various locations across the country. However, some did involve clashes between police and demonstrators. Demonstrations are likely to continue. See Safety and Security - Political Situation.

There is a high threat from terrorism in Algeria. You should exercise extreme caution at all times as terrorist attacks could take place in any areas frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers such as restaurants, hotels and shopping centres. See Safety and Security - Terrorism.


On 25 November 2011, four tourists were attacked in Tombouctou (Mali). One was killed and three others kidnapped. On 24 November 2011, two French nationals were also kidnapped from a hotel in the town of Hombori, to the north east of Mopti (Mali).

On 23 October 2011, two Spanish nationals and one Italian national were kidnapped from a refugee camp near the town of Tindouf in the province of Tindouf in the west of Algeria, near the borders of Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania.

On 26 August, two suicide bombers attacked the Algerian Military Academy in Cherchell. Reports indicate that at least 18 people were killed and over 20 injured. The Algerian authorities are reported to have increased security in and around Cherchell and at checkpoints leading into Algiers.


On 4 February 2011, there were reports that an Italian national had been kidnapped along with her Algerian driver and guide near the south-eastern city of Djanet, very close to the border with Libya. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping.


Terrorists have been involved in kidnaps in the region and we believe that further kidnap attacks are likely. If you are considering rallying in North or West Africa you should read the travel advice for all relevant countries and our Rally racing page.


If visiting Algiers, and other major cities, you should continue to exercise caution at all times. It is generally safe to move around the centre of the city during the day. You should avoid areas that you do not know, particularly in the suburbs of the city, and especially after dark. You should also avoid public gatherings and disturbances. See Safety and Security - Travelling in Algiers.


We advise against travel by road at night outside the major cities. See Safety and Security - Crime and Safety and Security - Local Travel.

You should take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance before travelling. See General - Insurance.

SAFETY AND SECURITY

Safety and Security - Terrorism
There is a high threat from terrorism in Algeria. Exercise extreme caution at all times as terrorist attacks could take place in areas frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers such as restaurants, hotels and shopping centres.

Terrorists have been involved in kidnaps in the region and we believe that further kidnap attacks are likely. Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) operates directly or through criminal gangs who carry out kidnappings on their behalf or pass on their kidnap victims for monetary gain. See our Sahel region page. Recent attacks include:

On 25 November 2011, four tourists were attacked in Tombouctou (Mali). One was killed and three others kidnapped.
On 24 November 2011, two French nationals were kidnapped from a hotel in the town of Hombori, to the north east of Mopti (Mali).
On 23 October 2011, two Spanish nationals and one Italian national were kidnapped from a refugee camp near the town of Tindouf in the province of Tindouf in the west of Algeria, near the borders of Morocco, Western Sahara and Mauritania.
On 4 February 2011, there were reports that an Italian national had been kidnapped along with her Algerian driver and guide near the south-eastern city of Djanet close to the border with Libya. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping.
On 8 January 2011, French authorities confirmed that two French nationals kidnapped from Niamey, Niger, had been killed near the border with Mali.
On 16 September 2010 the French authorities confirmed that five French nationals, one Togolese and one Malagasay national had been kidnapped in northern Niger. It has been reported that they were taken in the town of Arlit which is on the N25 road about 150km south east of the border with Algeria. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQ-M) have claimed responsibility for the kidnapping.
On 23 August 2010, two Spanish nationals kidnapped in Mauritania in November 2009 were released. The third had been released earlier in the year.
On 26 July 2010, the French Government confirmed that the French national, Michel Germaneau, who was kidnapped on 22 April near Ali in north western Niger had been executed. It has previously been reported that the Algerian driver he was travelling with has been released.
On 28 December 2009, a group of Saudi nationals were attacked near the village of Djambala in Niger, close to the Mali border. Four died in this attack.
On 18 December 2009, an Italian couple were kidnapped by an armed group in south eastern Mauritania 18km east of Kobonni on the road to Mali.
On 29 November 2009, three Spanish nationals were kidnapped whilst travelling on the road from Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, to the northern city of Nouadhibou.
On 25 November 2009, a French national was kidnapped near the city of Gao in eastern Mali.
On 14 November 2009, there was an attempted kidnap in Tahoua, Niger, by heavily armed individuals against employees of the American Embassy.
A group of European tourists were kidnapped in the area of the Mali-Niger border on 22 January 2009. A British national who was part of this group was later executed.
Be aware that the long-standing policy of the British Government is not to make substantive concessions to hostage takers. The British Government considers that paying ransoms and releasing prisoners increases the risk of further hostage taking.

Since the beginning of 2007 there have been a number of bomb attacks in Algeria. There were two bombs in central Algiers on the morning of 11 December 2007. These occurred near the Supreme Court building in El Biar and at the offices of the UN agencies in Hydra. Over 30 people were killed, and many more injured. The attacks were claimed by Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQM).

Foreign workers in Algeria have previously been targets for kidnap or attacks in specific parts of Algeria, with Al Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) believed to have also made threats against foreign workers in the Skikda Walaya in the east of Algeria. We therefore advise against all but essential travel to those areas indicated (any areas bordering Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Libya, in particular Tamanrasset and Djanet, to the administrative districts (wilayas) of Boumerdès, Bouira, Tizi Ouzou, Skikda, Jijel and Bejaia, all to the east of Algiers). Where travel is unavoidable, we strongly recommend changing timings and routes where possible to avoid predictability.

The Sahara Desert and mountainous regions in the south of Algeria have seen occasional outbreaks of terrorist violence. There has been a recent increase in terrorist activity in the south of the country, particularly along the borders with Mali and Niger. You should also exercise caution when travelling in the area close to the borders with Tunisia and Libya.

Check this advice regularly for the latest security advice; review thoroughly information on the local situation; take all necessary precautions in terms of your personal security arrangements throughout your visit, and follow local advice. You should exercise caution at all times.

See our terrorism abroad page.

Safety and Security - Political Situation
Algeria Country Profile

Since the beginning of January there have been demonstrations in a number of locations across the country, including Algiers. In general, demonstrations have been peaceful but the most recent protest, which took place on 12 April in Algiers, did involve clashes between police and student demonstrators. Demonstrations are likely to continue and there is a risk of incidental violence if you are caught up in a demonstration that does not pass peacefully. You should take precautions for your personal safety, avoid political gatherings and demonstrations and take local advice about places best to avoid. Always observe instructions given by the local security authorities.

Safety and Security - Travelling in Algiers
In Algiers itself it is generally safe to move around the centre of the city during the day, but best if accompanied by someone who knows the city well. Avoid areas that you do not know, particularly in the suburbs of the city, and especially after dark. Do not carry large amounts of money or valuables around with you. If you plan to tour the casbah area of Algiers, employ the services of a recommended local guide and ensure local police have been informed of your plans.

Safety and Security - Crime
While most visits to Algeria are trouble-free, in certain areas of larger cities there are incidents of robbery and thefts of and from motor vehicles. There have been reports of car-jackings and robberies and thefts by criminals posing as police officers outside the main cities. Avoid areas that you do not know, especially after dark. Do not carry large amounts of money or valuables around with you.

See our victims of crime abroad page.

Safety and Security - Local Travel
We advise against all but essential travel to the areas bordering Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Libya and Tunisia, as well as to the administrative districts (wilayas) of Boumerdès, Bouira, Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia, east of Algiers. Travellers should also exercise caution in the wilayas of Blida, Medéa, Chlef Ain Defla, Tamanrasset, Djanet and Bourdj Bou Arreridj. Journeys within Algeria should be made by air where possible, whilst noting media reports of alleged threats to some charter flights. – See Travel Summary.

Seek the advice of your hosts about appropriate security measures. You should arrange, if possible, to be met on arrival in Algiers and, if travelling alone, should stay at one of the main hotels where proper security precautions are taken.

Where possible, make journeys by air and stay in pre arranged accommodation at your destination. Business visitors without established contacts should seek advice in the first instance from the British Embassy, Algiers or the Algeria desk in UK Trade and Investment.

Avoid all travel outside the towns of Tamanrasset, Djanet and Bourdj Bou Arreridj without a local guide. Tourists in the area should confirm their travel arrangements before arrival in Algeria, using a reputable guide with good local knowledge. Exercise extreme caution when travelling to the border areas with Mali, Niger, Mauritania, Libya and Tunisia.

Safety and Security - Road Travel
If you want to drive a car you will need to obtain a local permit. Do not use public transport other than taxis recommended by your hotel. Overland travel outside major cities should be avoided at night, as buses and other vehicles have been attacked, sometimes at illegal vehicle checkpoints. It is advisable to travel in a convoy of at least two to three vehicles. Sustained small-scale attacks, including bombings, illegal roadblocks and kidnapping occur in many rural parts of the country.

See our driving abroad page.

Safety and Security - Air travel
It is good practice to re-confirm flights to, from or within Algeria.

See airline security .


LOCAL LAWS AND CUSTOMS


Local laws reflect the fact that Algeria is a Muslim country. Respect local traditions, customs, laws and religions at all times and be aware of your actions to ensure that they do not offend other cultures or religious beliefs, especially during the holy month of Ramadan or if you intend to visit religious areas. See our travelling during Ramadan page.

The weekend is Friday and Saturday. There are some restrictions on serving alcohol in restaurants in urban areas. To avoid unwelcome attention women should dress conservatively. Possession, use and trafficking of controlled drugs are all serious criminal offences in Algeria and carry custodial sentences.

You are not required to carry your passport at all times. But take it with you if you are making a longer journey or travelling by air. Keep a photocopy of it somewhere safe.

Homosexuality is illegal in Algeria. Sexual acts between persons of the same sex are punishable by imprisonment. Where one of the participants is a minor, penalties for the other party are increased.

Do not attempt to take photos of police or military personnel or establishments.

See our your trip page.

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Entry Requirements - Visa
British nationals intending to visit Algeria must ensure they obtain a visa before travelling from the Algerian Consulate in London .

Entry Requirements - Passport validity
You must hold a valid passport to enter Algeria. Your passport must be valid for a minimum period of six months from the date of entry into Algeria.

Entry Requirements - Currency declaration

Algeria has strict foreign exchange laws and the Dinar cannot be exported. See the Money section of this Travel Advice.

Entry Requirements - Travel with children
British women who are the wives or partners of Algerian citizens should be aware that any children they have together will be regarded as Algerian citizens if the father's name is on the birth certificate. If such children are brought to Algeria and are under 18, they will only be able to leave again if the father signs an "Autorisation Paternelle". For further information on exactly what will be required at immigration please contact the Algerian Consulate in London .

HEALTH

With effect from 8 August 2011, there are reports of an outbreak of typhoid fever in Annaba, eastern Algeria. Travellers should exercise caution when travelling in the area and practise strict food and water hygiene. Regions previously affected by typhoid include Djelfa in 2008. See NaTHNaC's Travel Health Information Sheet for further information and advice.

Cases of swine flu were reported late 2010 in Ain Delfa but cases were also reported in Annaba and Algiers. The Algerian authorities have informed us that anyone suspected of having swine flu will be quarantined and transported to one of the 109 designated hospitals in the country. Once at the hospital further tests will be carried out, samples will be tested in Algiers, and treatment will be carried out as appropriate. A number of schools have also been closed following suspected outbreaks.

Seek medical advice before travelling to Algeria and ensure that all appropriate vaccinations are up-to-date. For further information on vaccination requirements, health outbreaks and general disease protection and prevention visit the websites of the National Travel Heath Network and Centre NaTHNaC and NHS Scotland's Fit For Travel or call NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.

Facilities at private clinics are usually more comprehensive than at government hospitals.

In the 2010 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic the UNAIDS/WHO Working Group estimated that around 17,000 adults aged 15 or over in Algeria were living with HIV; the prevalence percentage was estimated at around 0.1% of the adult population compared to the prevalence percentage in adults in the UK of around 0.2%. Exercise normal precautions to avoid exposure to HIV/AIDS. See our HIV and AIDS .

For more general health information see our travel health page and the UK Department of Health website. Monitor local media reports for any developments and advice.

NATURAL DISASTERS


Parts of Algeria are susceptible to severe flood damage. Northern Algeria is also within an earthquake zone. In May 2003, a severe earthquake struck the Algiers area. There were over 2,200 dead and more than 10,000 injured.

GENERAL

General - Insurance
You should take out comprehensive travel and medical insurance (including medical evacuation) before travelling. Check any exclusions, and that your policy covers you for the activities you want to undertake. See our travel insurance page.

If things do go wrong when you are overseas ensure you are familiar with our When Things Go Wrong page.

General - Replacing a passport in Algeria
The British Embassy in Algiers does not issue passports. Before setting off, ensure that your passport has sufficient validity and plenty of unused pages. Applications for new passports are accepted in Algiers for forwarding to the UK for processing, but this may take up to six weeks. If a courier is used, the cost will have to be borne by the applicant.

General - Registration
If you are resident in Algeria make your whereabouts known to the British Embassy in Algeria , or by registering online with our LOCATE service . This tells us where you live abroad so our consular and crisis staff can provide better assistance to you in an emergency.

General - Money
The use of ATM machines and credit cards in is still confined mainly to hotels and a limited number of other businesses in the larger cities. Algerian Dinars should be obtained from bureaux de change at the international airports and larger hotels or from banks in the main cities. Do not attempt to change money on the streets. Algeria has strict foreign exchange laws and the Dinar cannot be exported.

General - Consular Assistance Statistics
Thirteen British nationals required consular assistance in Algeria in the period 01 April 2010 – 31 March 2011.